Estilos educativos familiares y factores asociados en trastornos conductuales de niños atendidos en Consulta Externa Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante
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2019
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
Los trastornos de la conducta del niño y del adolescente son motivo de consulta pediátrica
frecuente, los estilos educativos familiares constituyen el pilar fundamental para el desarrollo
de los niños, el comportamiento infantil es consecuencia del moldeado educativo de sus
educadores, fundamentalmente padres. El objetivo del presente estudio es correlacionar los
estilos educativos familiares y factores asociados en trastornos conductuales de niños y
adolescentes. Es un estudio analítico, descriptivo, no experimental, de corte transversal,
retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Dr. Francisco de Icaza en consulta externa de enero a
diciembre 2016. Se estudiaron 100 pacientes, predominó el sexo femenino con 50.5%, el grupo
de preescolares de 1 a 5 años de edad con 38.5%, los que conviven generalmente con los padres
biológicos 55.5% y los procedentes de zona urbana 63%. El estilo educativo familiar
autoritario, con 57%, es el más relacionado con los trastornos de conducta. Los factores de
riesgo asociados son tiempo para educar al niño solo 1 hora con 46%, tipo de castigo físico con
52%, antecedentes familiares de alcohol y trastornos de conducta con 42%, conductas
frecuentes agresión con 28%, pasatiempo internet con 36%, no hace amigos con facilidad con
51%. La falta de tiempo, de los padres, el estilo educativo autoritario, la agresión y el castigo
físico, demostraron ser los que más se relacionan con el desarrollo de trastornos de conducta
en niños y adolescentes.
Disorders of the behavior of children and adolescents are a reason for frequent pediatric consultation, family education styles are the fundamental pillar for the development of children, and child behavior is a consequence of educating educators, mainly parents. The aim of the present study is to correlate family education styles and associated factors in behavioral disorders of children and adolescents. It is an analytical, descriptive, non-experimental, crosssectional, retrospective study conducted at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Hospital in an outpatient clinic from January to December 2016. 100 patients were studied, the female sex predominated with 50.5%, the preschool group from 1 to 5 years of age with 38.5%, those that generally live with the biological parents 55.5% and those from the urban area 63%. The authoritarian family education style, with 57%, is the most related to behavior disorders. The associated risk factors are time to educate the child only 1 hour with 46%, type of physical punishment with 52%, family history of alcohol and behavioral disorders with 42%, frequent behaviors aggression with 28%, internet hobby with 36%, does not make friends easily with 51%. The lack of time, which generates in some parents a lower knowledge of their children due to a shorter time of coexistence and observation, the authoritarian educational style, aggression and physical punishment, proved to be those that are most related to the development of Behavioral disorders in children and adolescents.
Disorders of the behavior of children and adolescents are a reason for frequent pediatric consultation, family education styles are the fundamental pillar for the development of children, and child behavior is a consequence of educating educators, mainly parents. The aim of the present study is to correlate family education styles and associated factors in behavioral disorders of children and adolescents. It is an analytical, descriptive, non-experimental, crosssectional, retrospective study conducted at the Dr. Francisco de Icaza Hospital in an outpatient clinic from January to December 2016. 100 patients were studied, the female sex predominated with 50.5%, the preschool group from 1 to 5 years of age with 38.5%, those that generally live with the biological parents 55.5% and those from the urban area 63%. The authoritarian family education style, with 57%, is the most related to behavior disorders. The associated risk factors are time to educate the child only 1 hour with 46%, type of physical punishment with 52%, family history of alcohol and behavioral disorders with 42%, frequent behaviors aggression with 28%, internet hobby with 36%, does not make friends easily with 51%. The lack of time, which generates in some parents a lower knowledge of their children due to a shorter time of coexistence and observation, the authoritarian educational style, aggression and physical punishment, proved to be those that are most related to the development of Behavioral disorders in children and adolescents.
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Trastorno de la conducta, Educación, Factores de riesgo, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Relaciones familiares