Evaluación ambiental de la calidad del agua del río Santa Rosa y lineamientos para un plan ambiental
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Fecha
2014
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
El presente estudio evaluó la calidad del agua del río Santa Rosa de la provincia de El Oro, determinando niveles de concentración de metales pesados (cadmio y plomo) en agua y sedimentos, y la presencia de Bacterias totales, Coliformes totales y Escherichia coli como indicadores y bioindicadores de contaminación respectivamente. Se apoyó también de las encuestas como fundamentación social para la determinación de la problemática ambiental existente en el río. Se realizaron tres muestreos para la detección de metales pesados determinando las concentración de Cadmio y Plomo por Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica y tres muestreos para la obtención de microorganismos, en los meses de enero a abril en tres puntos estratégicos a los largo de la cuenca del río Santa Rosa. En la determinación de presencia de metales pesados en aguas, la única detección fue de Plomo correspondiente al mes de enero, en los tres puntos de muestreo, el valor más alto de 0,24 ppm. En sedimentos la concentración de Cadmio se da en el mes de abril, con un valor promedio de 5,33 ppm, mientras que Plomo en sedimentos se obtiene concentraciones en las tres estaciones en los tres meses de muestreo con un promedio de 39,94 ppm en enero, 29.85 ppm en febrero y 57.27 ppm en abril. Siendo este último el que se detecta en mayores concentraciones, afectando la calidad del río. De los análisis microbiológicos se determinó la presencia de Bacterias totales y de Coliformes totales en las 3 estaciones de los 3 meses de muestreo correspondiendo el valor más alto al mes de abril del punto 3 con 2x103 UFC/ml en bacterias totales y del mismo mes en las estaciones 2 y 3 con valores similares 4.8x102 UFC/ml en lo que respecta a Coliformes totales, mientras que de Escherichia Coli solo se presenta en el punto tres de los tres meses de muestreo donde el nivel más alto de este parámetro se exhibe en el mes de febrero con 5x102 UFC/ml. Demostrando con mayor incidencia contaminación por aguas residuales en el punto 3. Los valores encontrados de los parámetros afectan a la vida acuática como también a los habitantes de Santa Rosa. Se ha generado una propuesta de prevención de la contaminación.
This study assessed the water quality of the Santa Rosa River in the province of El Oro. It determines the concentration levels of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the water and sediment, and the presence of bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli and biomarkers as indicators of pollution. It is also supported surveys and social foundation for the identification of existing environmental problems in the river. Three samples for the detection of heavy metals were performed, determining the concentration of cadmium and lead by atomic absorption spectro photometry. A further three samples identified microorganisms. These studies were conducted between January and April 2014 in the three strategic points along the river basin Santa Rosa. In identifying the presence heavy metals in the water, lead was only detected in January, and was found in all three sampling points , the highest value rececorded was 0.24 ppm. In the sediment, cadmium concentration occurs in the April, with an average value of 5.33 ppm. Lead concentrations in the sediment were found at the three simple points in each of the three months, with an average of 39.94 ppm in January, 29.85 ppm in February and 57.27 ppm in April. The presence of lead in large amounts, such as this will affect the water quality of the river. Microbiological analysis of the presence of bacteria and coliform in all three sampling points in each of the 3 months the study was conducted. The highest value occured in April, at the 3rd sample point, with 2x103 CFU / ml of bacteria. April also had similar values of 4.8x102 CFU / ml of coliforms at simple points 2 and 3. Escherichia coli was only traced at the 3rd simple point in each of the three months, with the highest levels occuring in February with 5x102 CFU / ml. Demonstrating higher incidence of sewage in at point 3, the polluntion levels will affect aquatic life as well as the inhabitants of Santa Rosa. Proposals have been made for the prevention of furher pollution of the river.
This study assessed the water quality of the Santa Rosa River in the province of El Oro. It determines the concentration levels of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the water and sediment, and the presence of bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli and biomarkers as indicators of pollution. It is also supported surveys and social foundation for the identification of existing environmental problems in the river. Three samples for the detection of heavy metals were performed, determining the concentration of cadmium and lead by atomic absorption spectro photometry. A further three samples identified microorganisms. These studies were conducted between January and April 2014 in the three strategic points along the river basin Santa Rosa. In identifying the presence heavy metals in the water, lead was only detected in January, and was found in all three sampling points , the highest value rececorded was 0.24 ppm. In the sediment, cadmium concentration occurs in the April, with an average value of 5.33 ppm. Lead concentrations in the sediment were found at the three simple points in each of the three months, with an average of 39.94 ppm in January, 29.85 ppm in February and 57.27 ppm in April. The presence of lead in large amounts, such as this will affect the water quality of the river. Microbiological analysis of the presence of bacteria and coliform in all three sampling points in each of the 3 months the study was conducted. The highest value occured in April, at the 3rd sample point, with 2x103 CFU / ml of bacteria. April also had similar values of 4.8x102 CFU / ml of coliforms at simple points 2 and 3. Escherichia coli was only traced at the 3rd simple point in each of the three months, with the highest levels occuring in February with 5x102 CFU / ml. Demonstrating higher incidence of sewage in at point 3, the polluntion levels will affect aquatic life as well as the inhabitants of Santa Rosa. Proposals have been made for the prevention of furher pollution of the river.
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CALIDAD DE AGUA, METALES PESADOS, PREVENCIÓN DE CONTAMINACIÓN