Valor de los criterios de McLaren en el pronóstico de lactantes con desnutrición severa, Hospital Dr. Francisco Ycaza Bustamante
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2013
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
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La desnutrición infantil es un problema de salud presente en el Ecuador que conlleva a cambios metabólicos que influyen en la evolución, recuperación y tratamiento de los pacientes. Se ha propuesto los criterios de McLaren para medir el riesgo de morbimortalidad en este grupo de pacientes. Con el objetivo de evaluar la capacidad de pronosticar la evolución en lactantes con déficit nutricional Grado III se realizó de un estudio tipo observacional, descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, de corte incluyendo 290 pacientes con esta patología, atendidos en el hospital del niño “Dr. Francisco de Ycaza Bustamante”. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba del Chi2 considerándose significativos valores de P < 0.05. Se obtuvo, que de los pacientes desnutridos el 2,9 % corresponden a < de 2 años, las edades más frecuentes oscilaron entre los 7 a 12 meses. El 50% procedentes de la ciudad de Guayaquil; el sexo femenino predominó con un 58 %, el 24 % de los casos presentó hepatomegalia, aunque el 36 % no reportaron signos, el principal diagnostico mediante observación clínica subjetiva fue desnutrición severa 96 %, de los cuales el 42 % presentaron evolución desfavorable. Mientras que al utilizar la escala de McLaren se observó que el 54 % tuvieron desnutrición tipo Marasmo, Mixto 28% y 18% tipo Kwashiorkor. El 64 % de los casos con evolución desfavorable presentaron albúminas < de 3.5 g, no existió relación entre sexo y tipo de evolución clínica, ni tampoco entre sexo y diagnóstico, se observó una relación entre déficit de peso y severidad de la evolución con P< de 0,05.
Child malnutrition is a health problem present in Ecuador that leads to metabolic changes that influence the development, recovery and treatment of patients. It has been proposed McLaren criteria to measure the risk of morbidity and mortality in this patient group. In order to evaluate the ability to predict the evolution in infants with nutritional deficits Grade III study was conducted observational, descriptive, non-experimental design, cutting including 290 patients with this condition treated at the hospital the child "Dr. Ycaza Francisco Bustamante ". For statistical analysis we used the Chi2 test considered significant at P <0.05. Was obtained, which malnourished patients 2.9% were <2 years, the most frequent age ranged from 7-12 months. 50% from the city of Guayaquil, the female sex predominated with 58%, 24% of the patients had hepatomegaly, although 36% reported no signs, the main diagnosis by subjective clinical observation was severely malnourished, 96% of which 42% had unfavorable. While using the scale of McLaren was observed that 54% had marasmus type, Mixed 28% and 18% type Kwashiorkor. The 64% of cases with unfavorable outcome had albumin <3.5 g, there was no relationship between sex and type of clinical course, nor between sex and diagnosis, there was a relationship between weight deficit and severity of evolution with P <0.05.
Child malnutrition is a health problem present in Ecuador that leads to metabolic changes that influence the development, recovery and treatment of patients. It has been proposed McLaren criteria to measure the risk of morbidity and mortality in this patient group. In order to evaluate the ability to predict the evolution in infants with nutritional deficits Grade III study was conducted observational, descriptive, non-experimental design, cutting including 290 patients with this condition treated at the hospital the child "Dr. Ycaza Francisco Bustamante ". For statistical analysis we used the Chi2 test considered significant at P <0.05. Was obtained, which malnourished patients 2.9% were <2 years, the most frequent age ranged from 7-12 months. 50% from the city of Guayaquil, the female sex predominated with 58%, 24% of the patients had hepatomegaly, although 36% reported no signs, the main diagnosis by subjective clinical observation was severely malnourished, 96% of which 42% had unfavorable. While using the scale of McLaren was observed that 54% had marasmus type, Mixed 28% and 18% type Kwashiorkor. The 64% of cases with unfavorable outcome had albumin <3.5 g, there was no relationship between sex and type of clinical course, nor between sex and diagnosis, there was a relationship between weight deficit and severity of evolution with P <0.05.
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Pediatría, Desnutrición, Mortalidad, Pronóstico, Hospital del Niño Francisco de Icaza Bustamante, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador, Escala de McLaren, Lactante, Epidemiología descriptiva, Estudios prospectivos