Rol de la ultrasonografía y radiografía en el diagnóstico del espolón calcáneo en pacientes con talalgia crónica
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2022
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Escuela de Graduados
Resumen
El dolor crónico del talón plantar es un término generalizado que se utiliza para describir una variedad de afecciones indiferenciadas que afectan al talón. Muchos investigadores y profesionales han utilizado las imágenes de diagnóstico para investigar la participación de sus estructuras anatómicas específicas. Estas observaciones ayudan a explicar la patología subyacente del trastorno y son beneficiosas para formar un diagnóstico preciso y un plan de tratamiento específico. El objetivo es determinar la utilidad de la ultrasonografía como medio diagnóstico en el dolor crónico del talón ya sea por espolón calcáneo o fascitis plantar secundario a éste. El universo de este proyecto de investigación lo constituyen los pacientes que presenten talalgia crónica que acuden a la consulta externa del servicio de ortopedia del Hospital General Guasmo Sur en el período de enero a septiembre del 2021 y la muestra estuvo conformada por aquellos pacientes en los que se requiere la ultrasonografía y radiografía en el diagnóstico del espolón calcáneo en personas con talalgia crónica que cumplan los criterios de inclusión. Es un trabajo investigativo de tipo correlacional, analítico y prospectivo. Relacionado con las causas del espolón calcáneo que ocasionaron la talalgia crónica se encontraron: con 33% el sobrepeso, el 22% por el uso de calzado inadecuado, el 21% por entrenamiento incorrecto, el 13% por pie cavo y el 11% debido a prácticas deportivas. Además, la técnica de ultrasonografía fue más efectiva que la radiografía. En conclusión, una historia clínica detallada, seguida de un examen objetivo del pie, junto con pruebas diagnósticas complementarias, cuando sea necesario, son esenciales para el diagnóstico para iniciar la terapia más recomendada.
Chronic plantar heel pain is a general term used to describe a variety of undifferentiated conditions that affect the heel. Many researchers and professionals have used diagnostic imaging to investigate the involvement of their specific anatomical structures. These observations help explain the underlying pathology of the disorder and are beneficial in forming an accurate diagnosis and specific treatment plan. The objective is to determine the usefulness of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in chronic heel pain due to calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis secondary to it. The universe of this research project is made up of patients with chronic heel pain who attend the outpatient clinic of the orthopedic service of the Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the period from January to September 2021 and the sample was made up of those patients in whom Ultrasonography and radiography are required in the diagnosis of calcaneal spurs in people with chronic heel pain who meet the inclusion criteria. It is a research work of correlational, analytical and prospective type. Related to the causes of the calcaneal spur that caused chronic heel pain, the following were found: 33% were overweight, 22% due to the use of inappropriate footwear, 21% due to incorrect training, 13% due to high arches and 11% due to sports practices. In addition, the ultrasonography technique was more effective than radiography. In conclusion, a detailed clinical history, followed by an objective examination of the foot, together with complementary diagnostic tests, when necessary, are essential for the diagnosis to initiate the most recommended therapy.
Chronic plantar heel pain is a general term used to describe a variety of undifferentiated conditions that affect the heel. Many researchers and professionals have used diagnostic imaging to investigate the involvement of their specific anatomical structures. These observations help explain the underlying pathology of the disorder and are beneficial in forming an accurate diagnosis and specific treatment plan. The objective is to determine the usefulness of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool in chronic heel pain due to calcaneal spur or plantar fasciitis secondary to it. The universe of this research project is made up of patients with chronic heel pain who attend the outpatient clinic of the orthopedic service of the Guasmo Sur General Hospital in the period from January to September 2021 and the sample was made up of those patients in whom Ultrasonography and radiography are required in the diagnosis of calcaneal spurs in people with chronic heel pain who meet the inclusion criteria. It is a research work of correlational, analytical and prospective type. Related to the causes of the calcaneal spur that caused chronic heel pain, the following were found: 33% were overweight, 22% due to the use of inappropriate footwear, 21% due to incorrect training, 13% due to high arches and 11% due to sports practices. In addition, the ultrasonography technique was more effective than radiography. In conclusion, a detailed clinical history, followed by an objective examination of the foot, together with complementary diagnostic tests, when necessary, are essential for the diagnosis to initiate the most recommended therapy.
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Ultrasonografía, Espolón Calcáneo, Diagnóstico, Hospital General Guasmo Sur, Cantón Guayaquil, Ecuador