Determinación de plomo y cadmio en aguas del riachuelo adyacente al vertedero en Puerto Quito – Pichincha
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2024
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Universidad de Guayaquil. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
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Esta investigación está basada en la información administrada por los habitantes del cantón "Puerto Quito", quienes aseguran que las aguas afluentes de la zona se encuentran contaminadas, puesto que el gestor integral de residuos sólidos de Puerto Quito se encuentra en las cercanías de diversos riachuelos que cruzan la zona geográfica del lugar. El objetivo es determinar si hay presencia de cadmio y plomo en el agua, siendo estos los metales más comunes de encontrar en fuentes hídricas contaminadas por industrias, junto con fertilizantes, pesticidas y otros desechos comunes. Para el estudio se usó la técnica de absorción atómica de masas, del cual obtuvimos como resultado se encontró presencia de plomo a mayor concentración de la permitida, de acuerdo con el anexo 1 del libro VI del TULSMA (0.01 mg/L), teniendo un valor de 0.0154 >x>0.0169, valores obtenidos de las muestras tomadas en diferentes horarios y días a lo largo de 3 días Respecto al cadmio, se obtuvieron valores menor al LQ del método, por lo que no se puede especificar que exista presencia del metal mencionado hasta realizar análisis que tenga un LQ menor al utilizado. Para un próximo estudio se recomienda el sistema horno de grafito, el cual cuantifica hasta ppb. Concluyendo, los resultados indican que existe un ligero aumento en la cantidad permitida de plomo en el agua, dando positivo en contaminación y que, aunque este encuentra bajo un valor mínimo, el consumo continuo puede acarrear daños en la salud.
This research is based on information provided by the residents of the "Puerto Quito" canton, who claim that the tributary waters in the area are contaminated. This is attributed to the proximity of the integral solid waste manager of Puerto Quito to various streams crossing the geographical area. The objective is to determine the presence of cadmium and lead in the water, as these are the most common metals found in water sources contaminated by industries, along with fertilizers, pesticides, and other common waste. Atomic absorption mass spectrometry was used for the study, yielding the following results lead was found in concentrations higher than the allowed limit (0.01 mg/L), as per Annex 1 of Book VI of the TULSMA, with values ranging from 0.0154 to 0.0169. These values were obtained from samples taken at different times and days over a period of 3 days. Cadmium values were below the method's limit of quantification (LQ), making it impossible to specify the presence of the mentioned metal until further analysis with a lower LQ is conducted. For future studies, the graphite furnace system is recommended, capable of quantifying down to parts per billion (ppb). In conclusion, the results suggest a slight increase in the allowed amount of lead in the water, indicating contamination. Although it falls below a minimum threshold, continuous consumption may pose health risks.
This research is based on information provided by the residents of the "Puerto Quito" canton, who claim that the tributary waters in the area are contaminated. This is attributed to the proximity of the integral solid waste manager of Puerto Quito to various streams crossing the geographical area. The objective is to determine the presence of cadmium and lead in the water, as these are the most common metals found in water sources contaminated by industries, along with fertilizers, pesticides, and other common waste. Atomic absorption mass spectrometry was used for the study, yielding the following results lead was found in concentrations higher than the allowed limit (0.01 mg/L), as per Annex 1 of Book VI of the TULSMA, with values ranging from 0.0154 to 0.0169. These values were obtained from samples taken at different times and days over a period of 3 days. Cadmium values were below the method's limit of quantification (LQ), making it impossible to specify the presence of the mentioned metal until further analysis with a lower LQ is conducted. For future studies, the graphite furnace system is recommended, capable of quantifying down to parts per billion (ppb). In conclusion, the results suggest a slight increase in the allowed amount of lead in the water, indicating contamination. Although it falls below a minimum threshold, continuous consumption may pose health risks.
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TOXICIDAD, METALES PESADOS, TEXTO UNIFICADO DE LEGISLACIÓN SECUNDARIA DE MEDIO AMBIENTE (TULSMA), LÍMITE DE CUANTIFICACIÓN (LQ)