Enfermedades bucodentales en niños con capacidades especiales
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2020-06
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Los niños con capacidades especiales son un grupo de riesgo, porque no poseen habilidades motrices e intelectuales que les permitan desarrollarse de una manera correcta y en muchos de los casos cuentan con un sistema inmunológico deficiente y son más propensos a padecer enfermedades bucales. El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es determinar las enfermedades bucodentales presentes en niños y niñas con capacidades especiales de 6 a 12 años de edad, de la Escuela particular “Lidia Deam Enríquez”. La metodología de este estudio es de campo, descriptivo y documental, con una población comprendida por 100 niños y niñas con capacidades especiales, donde se tomó una muestra de 70 niños aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Las enfermedades con mayor incidencia obtenidas a través de la observación clínica y recolección de datos en historias clínicas son: caries dental, enfermedad periodontal, hiperplasia gingival, bruxismo y maloclusiones, muchas de estas patologías son hereditarias, otras son producto de la falta de higiene bucal, otras son características propias de las diferentes capacidades especiales; pero lo que más llama la atención es la prevalencia de enfermedad periodontal a temprana edad, seguido de la caries dental, como consecuencia de la falta de higiene bucal por sus discapacidades motrices acompañada del desconocimiento de los tutores correspondientes de los niños, es por esto que es de suma importancia crear campañas de salud bucal dirigida solamente a esta población acompañada de charlas a los padres o tutores de estos niños.
Children with special abilities are a risk group since they are unable to develop their cognitive skills properly, and in many case they have a poor immune system that is more likely to suffer oral diseases. The main objective of this research is to determine the oral diseases in children with special abilities from 6 to 12 years of age at the “Lidia Deam de Enriquez” School. This study corresponds to action research in which the participants comprise a population of 100 children with special needs like Down syndrome, autism, child brain paralysis out of which a sample of 70 children was taken by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most predominant diseases obtained through clinical observation and data collection in medical records are: cavities, periodontal disease, gingival hyperplasia, bruxism and malocclusions. Many of these pathologies are hereditary; others are the result of poor oral hygiene; and others are characteristic of the different special abilities. However, what attracts the most attention is the prevalence of periodontal disease at an early age, followed by tooth decay, as a result of the lack of oral hygiene due to children´s motor disabilities accompanied by the ignorance of their corresponding tutors. This is why it is essential to create oral health campaigns directed to the aforementioned population accompanied by educational talks given by the parents or guardians
Children with special abilities are a risk group since they are unable to develop their cognitive skills properly, and in many case they have a poor immune system that is more likely to suffer oral diseases. The main objective of this research is to determine the oral diseases in children with special abilities from 6 to 12 years of age at the “Lidia Deam de Enriquez” School. This study corresponds to action research in which the participants comprise a population of 100 children with special needs like Down syndrome, autism, child brain paralysis out of which a sample of 70 children was taken by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most predominant diseases obtained through clinical observation and data collection in medical records are: cavities, periodontal disease, gingival hyperplasia, bruxism and malocclusions. Many of these pathologies are hereditary; others are the result of poor oral hygiene; and others are characteristic of the different special abilities. However, what attracts the most attention is the prevalence of periodontal disease at an early age, followed by tooth decay, as a result of the lack of oral hygiene due to children´s motor disabilities accompanied by the ignorance of their corresponding tutors. This is why it is essential to create oral health campaigns directed to the aforementioned population accompanied by educational talks given by the parents or guardians
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ENFERMEDADES BUCALES, HIGIENE BUCAL, NIÑOS CON DISCAPACIDAD