Proceso enfermero en lactantes con neumonia area de Hospitalizacion Pediatrica del Hospital General Guasmo Sur año 2018
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2017
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Universidad de Guayaquil - Ciencias Médicas-Carrera de Enfermería
Resumen
La neumonía es la principal causa de muerte en los lactantes, por lo que la presente investigación tiene como objetivo la identificación de la aplicabilidad del proceso enfermero en lactantes con neumonía en el área de pediatría del Hospital General Guasmo Sur, para conseguirlo se utilizó la observación directa de los profesionales de enfermería, mediante el check list, determinando que existe déficit en la aplicación de las competencias correspondientes a enfermería, como la realización de planes de cuidados, planes de alta y seguimiento de los mismos. De una muestra de 300 lactantes que estuvieron dentro del periodo enero a agosto del 2018, se encontró que los tipos de neumonía que prevalecen en la unidad hospitalaria son: neumonía (68% del total de los casos presentados), neumonía por Streptococcus pneumoniae (18%) y neumonía por Haemophilus influenzae (14%). La falta de inmunización y la lactancia materna exclusiva son los principales factores de riesgo que prevalecen para que el lactante sea hospitalizado, dado que se presentaron en 200 casos cada uno. Otros factores de riesgos que se encontraron fueron el contacto directo (50 casos), hacinamiento y la existencia de fumadores en los hogares (50 casos). Mediante los resultados recabados se llegó a la conclusión de que dentro del hospital existe un alto número de casos de neumonía, por lo que es necesario que los profesionales de enfermería realicen planes de cuidado y den charlas a los familiares y pacientes, para alcanzar una recuperación eficaz.
Pneumonia is the main cause of death in infants, so the objective of this research is to identify the applicability of the nursing process in infants with pneumonia in the pediatric area of Guasmo Sur General Hospital, to achieve this, direct observation was used from nursing professionals, through the checklist, determining that there is a deficit in the application of competencies corresponding to nursing, such as the realization of care plans, discharge plans and monitoring of them. From a sample of 300 infants who were within the period from January to August 2018, it was found that the pneumonia types that prevail in the hospital unit are: pneumonia (68% of the total cases presented), Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (18%) and pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae (14%). The lack of immunization and exclusive breastfeeding are the main risk factors that prevail for the infant to be hospitalized, given that 200 cases were presented each. Other risk factors that were found were direct contact (50 cases), overcrowding and the existence of smokers in homes (50 cases). Through the results obtained, it was concluded that there is a high number of cases of pneumonia within the hospital, which is why it is necessary for nursing professionals to carry out care plans and give talks to relatives and patients, in order to achieve an effective recovery.
Pneumonia is the main cause of death in infants, so the objective of this research is to identify the applicability of the nursing process in infants with pneumonia in the pediatric area of Guasmo Sur General Hospital, to achieve this, direct observation was used from nursing professionals, through the checklist, determining that there is a deficit in the application of competencies corresponding to nursing, such as the realization of care plans, discharge plans and monitoring of them. From a sample of 300 infants who were within the period from January to August 2018, it was found that the pneumonia types that prevail in the hospital unit are: pneumonia (68% of the total cases presented), Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia (18%) and pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae (14%). The lack of immunization and exclusive breastfeeding are the main risk factors that prevail for the infant to be hospitalized, given that 200 cases were presented each. Other risk factors that were found were direct contact (50 cases), overcrowding and the existence of smokers in homes (50 cases). Through the results obtained, it was concluded that there is a high number of cases of pneumonia within the hospital, which is why it is necessary for nursing professionals to carry out care plans and give talks to relatives and patients, in order to achieve an effective recovery.
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PROCESO ENFERMERO, NEUMONIA, INFECCIONES RESPIRATORIAS AGUDAS, LACTANTES