Análisis de parámetros físico-químicos en agua y sedimentos en el área de restauración de manglares ubicada junto a la ciudadela Las Garzas Guayaquil-Ecuador
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2021-09
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
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Los manglares a pesar de ser de los ecosistemas más productivos globalmente, se encuentran amenazados. El Estero Salado de la ciudad de Guayaquil, que forma parte de la Reserva de Producción Faunística Manglares El Salado, no es la excepción. Este estudio fue realizado en el ramal del Estero Salado aledaño a la ciudadela Las Garzas. La finalidad fue analizar parámetros físico-químicos en agua y sedimentos a lo largo de cuatro zonas del ramal. Se midió oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, pH en agua utilizando un equipo multiparámetro HANNA HI9829. Adicionalmente, se evaluó mercurio y plomo en agua, y mercurio, cadmio, plomo en sedimentos mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Se concluyó que en todos los puntos considerados; el oxígeno disuelto fue bajo e inadecuado para el desarrollo de la vida acuática presentando valores promedio de entre (1,78-2,37 mg/L). También, se determinó que hay contaminación de metales pesados en sedimentos con concentraciones que superaron los criterios de calidad adecuados para el desarrollo de la biodiversidad del TULSMA, y los límites de la guía canadiense de calidad de sedimentos para la protección de la vida acuática. Siendo el más alto el Plomo cuyas concentraciones promedio entre (61,6-16,23 mg/kg) superaron los límites nacional y canadiense en dos de sus puntos, de Mercurio de entre (0,26-0,06 mg/kg) superaron en un punto ambos límites, y Arsénico de entre (10,47-9,35 mg/kg) superaron el límite canadiense en todos los puntos. Los valores promedio de Cadmio no sobrepasaron ambos límites. Adicionalmente, se limpió las riveras del manglar de especies introducidas para así contribuir con la recuperación del ecosistema.
Mangroves, despite being one of the most productive ecosystems globally, are threatened. The Estero Salado in the city of Guayaquil, which is part of the El Salado Mangrove Wildlife Production Reserve, is no exception. This study was carried out in the branch of the Estero Salado near the Las Garzas neighborhood. The purpose was to analyze physical-chemical parameters in water and sediments along four zones of the branch. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH in water were measured using a HANNA HI9829 multiparameter equipment. Additionally, mercury and lead in water, and mercury, cadmium, lead in sediments were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was concluded that in all the points considered; dissolved oxygen was low and inadequate for the development of aquatic life, presenting average values between (1,78-2,37 mg / L). Also, it was determined that there is heavy metal contamination in sediments with concentrations that exceeded the adequate quality criteria for the development of the TULSMA biodiversity, and the limits of the Canadian guide for sediment quality for the protection of aquatic life. The highest being Lead whose average concentrations between (61,6-1,23 mg / kg) exceeded the national and Canadian limits in two of its points, of Mercury between (0,26-0,06 mg / kg) they exceeded both limits at one point, and Arsenic between (10,47-9,35 mg/kg) exceeded the Canadian limit at all points. Average Cadmium values did not exceed both limits. Additionally, the banks of the mangrove were cleaned of introduced species in order to contribute to the recovery of the ecosystem.
Mangroves, despite being one of the most productive ecosystems globally, are threatened. The Estero Salado in the city of Guayaquil, which is part of the El Salado Mangrove Wildlife Production Reserve, is no exception. This study was carried out in the branch of the Estero Salado near the Las Garzas neighborhood. The purpose was to analyze physical-chemical parameters in water and sediments along four zones of the branch. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH in water were measured using a HANNA HI9829 multiparameter equipment. Additionally, mercury and lead in water, and mercury, cadmium, lead in sediments were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. It was concluded that in all the points considered; dissolved oxygen was low and inadequate for the development of aquatic life, presenting average values between (1,78-2,37 mg / L). Also, it was determined that there is heavy metal contamination in sediments with concentrations that exceeded the adequate quality criteria for the development of the TULSMA biodiversity, and the limits of the Canadian guide for sediment quality for the protection of aquatic life. The highest being Lead whose average concentrations between (61,6-1,23 mg / kg) exceeded the national and Canadian limits in two of its points, of Mercury between (0,26-0,06 mg / kg) they exceeded both limits at one point, and Arsenic between (10,47-9,35 mg/kg) exceeded the Canadian limit at all points. Average Cadmium values did not exceed both limits. Additionally, the banks of the mangrove were cleaned of introduced species in order to contribute to the recovery of the ecosystem.
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PARÁMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS, MERCURIO, CADMIO, PLOMO, ESTERO SALADO