Propuesta de un programa para el manejo de los desechos sólidos en el mercado Othón Álava Aguilera y puestos de abastos en el centro de la parroquia San Juan Cantón Puebloviejo
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2018
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
Resumen
La presente tesis contiene la propuesta de un programa para el manejo de los desechos sólidos en el Mercado Othón Álava Aguilera y en los 9 puestos de abastos que conformaron el área de estudio con el fin de contribuir a la disminución de los desechos, contaminación y al desarrollo de la gestión ambiental de la parroquia. Se desarrolló encuestas y entrevistas para conocer el manejo actual de los desechos sólidos, en el área de estudio el mayor porcentaje de desechos son de origen orgánicos y en la actualidad no se les da tratamiento alguno. El volumen generado semanal es 2.346,58 kg dando un valor aproximado de 9.386,32 kg mensual. La densidad media de los desechos es de 83.76 kg/m3. Mediante la elaboración del método del cuarteo la cantidad mayor generada es 46.1 kg siendo el 92.2% de frutas y verduras seguido por desechos de plantas, hierbas, hortalizas y flores con un 4.0 %. Mediante la aplicación de la matriz de Leopold las fases de mayor impacto son calidad del aire (generación de malos olores), socioeconómico (generación de empleo siendo impacto positivo), afectación en la salud y paisaje urbanístico. Con los datos obtenidos del primer y segundo objetivo se elaboró la propuesta de un plan para el manejo de los desechos sólidos el cual se basa programas fundamentales que son: Concientización Ambiental, Segregación en la fuente y Aprovechamiento de los Desechos Orgánicos.
This thesis contains the proposal of a program for the management of solid waste in the Othon Alava Aguilera market and in the 9 supply stations that make up the study area in order to contribute to the reduction of waste, pollution and other development of the environmental management of the parish. Surveys and interviews were developed to know the current management of solid waste, in the study area the highest percentage are of organic origin and currently no treatment is given. The weekly generated volume is 2,346.58 kg giving an approximate value of 9,386.32 monthly. The average density of the waste is 83.76 kg / m3. By means of the elaboration of the method of the cuarteo the greater amount generated is 46.1 kg being 92.2% of fruits and vegetables followed by waste of plants, herbs, vegetables and flowers with 4.0%. Through the application of the Leopold matrix, the phases of greatest impact are air quality (generation of bad smells), socioeconomic (generation of employment being positive impact), impact on health and urban landscape. With the data obtained in the first and second objectives, the proposal for the plan for solid waste management was made, which is based on three fundamental programs that are: Environmental Awareness, Source Segregation and Use of Organic Waste.
This thesis contains the proposal of a program for the management of solid waste in the Othon Alava Aguilera market and in the 9 supply stations that make up the study area in order to contribute to the reduction of waste, pollution and other development of the environmental management of the parish. Surveys and interviews were developed to know the current management of solid waste, in the study area the highest percentage are of organic origin and currently no treatment is given. The weekly generated volume is 2,346.58 kg giving an approximate value of 9,386.32 monthly. The average density of the waste is 83.76 kg / m3. By means of the elaboration of the method of the cuarteo the greater amount generated is 46.1 kg being 92.2% of fruits and vegetables followed by waste of plants, herbs, vegetables and flowers with 4.0%. Through the application of the Leopold matrix, the phases of greatest impact are air quality (generation of bad smells), socioeconomic (generation of employment being positive impact), impact on health and urban landscape. With the data obtained in the first and second objectives, the proposal for the plan for solid waste management was made, which is based on three fundamental programs that are: Environmental Awareness, Source Segregation and Use of Organic Waste.
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DESECHOS SÓLIDOS, GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL, PLAN DE MANEJO AMBIENTAL