Potenciación de habilidades comunicativas, a través de las terapias narrativas, en la Unidad Educativa José María Vélaz de Fe y Alegría Quito-Ecuador
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2015-07
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Psicológicas
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El estudio se realizó en el Centro Educativo José María Vélaz de Fe y Alegría, de la ciudad Quito, Ecuador, su objetivo central es potenciar las habilidades comunicativas en niños y niñas de 8 a 11 años a través de la aplicación de técnicas activas de la terapia narrativa. Se incorpora una visión despatologizante ante el diagnóstico tradicional en el marco de la Psicología Positiva. Se desarrolló a partir del paradigma interpretativo, el tipo de investigación es descriptivo, exploratorio con base en metodologías cualitativas. La muestra, no probabilística e intencional, constituida por 20 niños y niñas con dificultades en las habilidades comunicativas. Se logró la implementación de dos talleres que conjuntamente con la utilización de la entrevista a profundidad, la observación directa y la aplicación de técnicas activas de la Terapia Narrativa se evalúan las principales dificultades en las habilidades
comunicativas en niños y niñas de dicho centro, se utilizó las técnicas activas denominadas: “Cuento sin final” aplicada a una sesión titulada “Mi papá no llegó en navidad”. Para dar respuesta al segundo objetivo específico: Valorar el grado de coherencia entre la comunicación verbal y no verbal de los niños y niñas se implementó la metáfora del juego a través de una sesión titulada “Todo es para mí”.
Finalmente, a través de un objetivo programático se presenta una propuesta de intervención- Prevención proponiendo estrategias de desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas a partir de un taller. En cuanto a las principales hallazgos de la investigación, los niños y niñas externalizaron sus problemas más concretos, sus emociones a través de los nombres que manifestaron en las metáforas, ofreciendo así elementos valorativos hacia la capacidad de escucha, aspectos sobre la
congruencia entre mensaje verbal y actitudinal, algunos rasgos de comunicación afectiva y sentido de colaboración a través de la comunicación.
The study was conducted at the Education Center José María Vélaz Fe y Alegria, city Quito, Ecuador; its main objective is to enhance communication skills in children of 8-11 years through the implementation of active techniques narrative therapy. One depathologisation vision to the traditional diagnosis within the framework of Positive Psychology is incorporated. It developed from the interpretive paradigm intentionality of it; the kind of research is descriptive, exploratory qualitative methodologies based on. The sample not probabilistic and intentional, consisting of 20 children with difficulties in communication skills. The implementation of two workshops in conjunction with the use depth interviews, direct observation and the application of active techniques of narrative therapy the main difficulties are assessed on communication skills in children of this center is managed, it used the active techniques called "Story without end" applied to a session titled "My dad did not come at Christmas." To meet the second objective: To assess the degree of consistency between verbal and non-verbal communication of children the game metaphor implemented through a session titled "Everything is for me." Finally presented, through a third program objective a proposal for intervention prevention strategies proposed development of communication skills from a workshop. As for the main findings of the research, children outsourced their specific problems, their emotions through the names that expressed in metaphors, providing valuable elements to listening skills, aspects of the congruence between verbal messages and attitudinal, some features of affective communication and sense of collaboration through communication.
The study was conducted at the Education Center José María Vélaz Fe y Alegria, city Quito, Ecuador; its main objective is to enhance communication skills in children of 8-11 years through the implementation of active techniques narrative therapy. One depathologisation vision to the traditional diagnosis within the framework of Positive Psychology is incorporated. It developed from the interpretive paradigm intentionality of it; the kind of research is descriptive, exploratory qualitative methodologies based on. The sample not probabilistic and intentional, consisting of 20 children with difficulties in communication skills. The implementation of two workshops in conjunction with the use depth interviews, direct observation and the application of active techniques of narrative therapy the main difficulties are assessed on communication skills in children of this center is managed, it used the active techniques called "Story without end" applied to a session titled "My dad did not come at Christmas." To meet the second objective: To assess the degree of consistency between verbal and non-verbal communication of children the game metaphor implemented through a session titled "Everything is for me." Finally presented, through a third program objective a proposal for intervention prevention strategies proposed development of communication skills from a workshop. As for the main findings of the research, children outsourced their specific problems, their emotions through the names that expressed in metaphors, providing valuable elements to listening skills, aspects of the congruence between verbal messages and attitudinal, some features of affective communication and sense of collaboration through communication.
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Potenciación, Habilidades comunicativas, Técnicas activas, Terapia Narrativa