Alternativa sustentable (Takakura) para la minimización de residuos orgánicos desde La Fuente en la finca Saltos, del Cantón Salitre
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2022
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Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad de Guayaquil
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En el presente estudio se implementó un sistema de reducción de residuos orgánicos mediante el método Takakura en una finca del cantón Salitre, reforzando así el uso de alternativas sustentables para el tratamiento de residuos. Para ello, se caracterizaron los residuos sólidos que la finca generaba con el fin de conocer la cantidad de residuos orgánicos que se producen a diario, y posteriormente, se procedió a la ejecución del método Takakura donde se emplearon: una solución dulce (levadura, queso, yogurt, azúcar) y una solución salada (sal, uva, frutilla, manzana, naranja, banana y mandarina) en 2,5 litros de agua para cada solución, que fueron incorporadas en el lecho de fermentación permitiendo que proliferaran microorganismos benéficos para el proceso de compostaje. Se logró descomponer un total de 64 kg de residuos orgánicos en 4 composteras (T1, T2, T3, T4) con 5 kg de lecho de fermentación para cada una de ellas, obteniendo el 78,43% de descomposición a los 30 días de realizar el proceso. Se analizaron parámetros físicos y químicos donde se obtuvo la mayor temperatura de 56 °C en T2, en conductividad eléctrica el promedio para las 4 camas fue de 16,5 mS/cm, mientras que la humedad promedio fue 33,25%, por otro lado, el pH más bajo fue de 8,7 en T1. Además, se realizaron análisis de macronutrientes y micronutrientes para conocer los aportes de nutrientes que brinda el compost al suelo.
In this study, an organic waste reduction system was implemented using the Takakura method on a farm in the Salitre canton, reinforcing the use of sustainable alternatives for waste treatment. For this, the solid waste generated by the farm was characterized in order to know the amount of organic waste that was produced daily, with this, the Takakura method was carried out, where two solutions were used: a sweet solution (yeast, cheese, yogurt, sugar) and a salty solution (salt, grape, strawberry, apple, orange, banana and tangerine) in 2,5 liters of water for each solution, these preparations were incorporated into the fermentation bed where beneficial organisms for the composting process proliferated. It was possible to decompose a total amount of 64 kg of organic waste in 4 composters (T1, T2, T3, T4) with 5 kg of fermentation bed for each of them, obtaining 78.43% decomposition after 30 days. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed, the highest temperature (56 °C) was obtained in T2, the average of electrical conductivity for the 4 beds was 16.5 mS/cm, while the average humidity was 33.25%. On the other hand, the lowest pH was 8.7 at T1. In addition, an analysis of macronutrients and micronutrients was carried out to know the nutrient contributions that the compost provides to the soil.
In this study, an organic waste reduction system was implemented using the Takakura method on a farm in the Salitre canton, reinforcing the use of sustainable alternatives for waste treatment. For this, the solid waste generated by the farm was characterized in order to know the amount of organic waste that was produced daily, with this, the Takakura method was carried out, where two solutions were used: a sweet solution (yeast, cheese, yogurt, sugar) and a salty solution (salt, grape, strawberry, apple, orange, banana and tangerine) in 2,5 liters of water for each solution, these preparations were incorporated into the fermentation bed where beneficial organisms for the composting process proliferated. It was possible to decompose a total amount of 64 kg of organic waste in 4 composters (T1, T2, T3, T4) with 5 kg of fermentation bed for each of them, obtaining 78.43% decomposition after 30 days. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed, the highest temperature (56 °C) was obtained in T2, the average of electrical conductivity for the 4 beds was 16.5 mS/cm, while the average humidity was 33.25%. On the other hand, the lowest pH was 8.7 at T1. In addition, an analysis of macronutrients and micronutrients was carried out to know the nutrient contributions that the compost provides to the soil.
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COMPOSTAJE, TAKAKURA, RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS, COMPOST