¿Fuerza mayor o despido intempestivo? seguridad laboral en tiempos de pandemia
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Fecha
2021-10
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Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Jurisprudencia Ciencias Sociales y Políticas
Resumen
El estudio es muy significativo debido a que ante la emitente crisis sanitaria nacional y mundial, el Estado ecuatoriano adoptó medidas que permitan garantizar el derecho a la salud, vida y el empleo, para evitar la propagación del virus se inició una cuarentena obligatoria y muchas empresas tuvieron que obligadamente parar sus actividades comerciales mientras que otras entidades por la prolongación del confinamiento y por la falta de ingresos quebraron por completo originando así el despido de una gran cantidad de trabajadores en todo el país. La mayor parte de estos fueron despedidos por caso fortuito y fuerza mayor, prescrito en el Código de Trabajo. Si bien, la falta de liquidez de las empresas y su imposibilidad de seguir solventado los estipendios de sus trabajadores, motivo a los empleadores a acoger esta figura jurídica, para deslindarse de cualquier indemnización que perjudique aún más su patrimonio. No obstante, estas decisiones fueron tomadas sin tener en cuenta que el hecho generador, en este caso la emergencia sanitaria por coronavirus (COVID19), debe cumplir elementos necesarios para su buen uso, de lo contrario recaería en una arbitrariedad que puede desencadenar en un tumulto de demandas.
The study is very significant because in the face of the emerging national and global health crisis, the Ecuadorian State adopted measures to guarantee the right to health, life and employment, to prevent the spread of the virus a mandatory quarantine was initiated and many companies They had to stop their commercial activities, while other entities, due to the prolongation of the confinement and the lack of income, went bankrupt completely, thus causing the dismissal of a large number of workers throughout the country. Most of these were dismissed due to unforeseeable circumstances and force majeure, prescribed in the Labor Code. Although, the lack of liquidity of the companies and their inability to continue paying the stipends of their workers, motivated the employers to embrace this legal figure, to separate themselves from any compensation that further damages their assets. However, these decisions were made without considering that the generating event, in this case the health emergency due to coronavirus (COVID19), must meet the necessary elements for its proper use, otherwise it would fall into an arbitrariness that can trigger a tumult of demands.
The study is very significant because in the face of the emerging national and global health crisis, the Ecuadorian State adopted measures to guarantee the right to health, life and employment, to prevent the spread of the virus a mandatory quarantine was initiated and many companies They had to stop their commercial activities, while other entities, due to the prolongation of the confinement and the lack of income, went bankrupt completely, thus causing the dismissal of a large number of workers throughout the country. Most of these were dismissed due to unforeseeable circumstances and force majeure, prescribed in the Labor Code. Although, the lack of liquidity of the companies and their inability to continue paying the stipends of their workers, motivated the employers to embrace this legal figure, to separate themselves from any compensation that further damages their assets. However, these decisions were made without considering that the generating event, in this case the health emergency due to coronavirus (COVID19), must meet the necessary elements for its proper use, otherwise it would fall into an arbitrariness that can trigger a tumult of demands.
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FUERZA MAYOR, DESPIDO INTEMPESTIVO, SEGURIDAD LABORAL, PANDEMIA.